Site na ọganihu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ na mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ ọgwụ, ohere ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịhụ X-ray mgbe ha na-aga ụlọ ọgwụ amụbawokwa nke ukwuu.Onye ọ bụla maara na ụzarị obi, CT, ultrasound ụcha na igwe X-ray nwere ike ịmịnye ụzarị X-ray banye n'ime ahụ mmadụ iji hụ ọrịa ahụ.Ha makwaara na X-ray na-ebunye radieshon, mana mmadụ ole ghọtara igwe X-ray n'ezie.Gịnị banyere ụzarị ndị a na-ebupụ?
Mbụ, kedu ka X-ray si dị na aIgwe X-rayemepụtara?Ọnọdụ a chọrọ maka mmepụta X-ray na-eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ bụ ndị a: 1. X-ray tube: a vacuum glass tube nwere electrodes abụọ, cathode na anode;2. Tungsten efere: tungsten ígwè nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ atomic dị elu nwere ike iji mee tubes X-ray anode bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka ịnweta bọmbụ electron;3. Electrons na-akpụ akpụ na oke ọsọ: tinye nnukwu voltaji na nsọtụ abụọ nke tube X-ray iji mee ka electrons na-agba ọsọ na oke ọsọ.Ndị ntụgharị pụrụ iche na-ebuli voltaji dị ndụ gaa na voltaji dị elu achọrọ.Mgbe eletrọn na-aga n'ọsọ dị elu kụrụ efere tungsten ahụ, atom nke tungsten nwere ike itinye ion n'ime electrons ka ọ bụrụ ụzarị X.
Nke abuo, olee ụdị X-ray a dị, gịnịkwa kpatara enwere ike iji ya lelee ọnọdụ ahụ mgbe ọ banyere n'ime ahụ mmadụ?Nke a bụ ihe niile n'ihi njirimara X-ray, nke nwere nnukwu ihe atọ:
1. Ntinye: Ntinye aka na-ezo aka n'ikike X-ray nwere ike isi na ihe na-abanye n'ime ya na-etinyeghị uche.X-ray nwere ike banye n'ime ihe ọkụ nkịtị a na-ahụ anya na-apụghị.Ìhè a na-ahụ anya nwere ogologo ebili mmiri dị ogologo, na foton nwere ike dị ntakịrị.Mgbe ọ kụrụ ihe, akụkụ ya na-egosipụta, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-etinye uche na ya, ọ nweghị ike isi na ihe ahụ gafere;mgbe X-ray na-adịghị, n'ihi na ha dị mkpụmkpụ wavelength, ike Mgbe ọ na-enwu na ihe onwunwe, naanị otu akụkụ na-etinye obi gị dum site na ihe onwunwe, na ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-ebunye site atomiki ọdịiche, na-egosi ike penetrating ike.Ikike nke ụzarị X-ray ịbanye n'ihe metụtara ike nke foton X-ray.Ka ogologo oge nke X-ray dị mkpụmkpụ, ka ike nke foton na-abawanye ma na-esiwanye ike ịbanye.Ike ntinye nke X-ray na-emetụtakwa njupụta nke ihe.The denser ihe absorbs ọzọ X-ray na-ebufe obere;ihe denser na-amịkọrọ obere ma na-ebufe karịa.N'iji ihe onwunwe a nke nnabata dị iche iche, anụ ahụ dị nro dị ka ọkpụkpụ, mọzụlụ, na abụba nwere njupụta dị iche iche nwere ike ịmata ọdịiche.Nke a bụ ndabere anụ ahụ nke X-ray fluoroscopy na foto foto.
2. Ionization: Mgbe ihe X-ray na-agbapụta ihe, a na-ewepụ electrons extranuclear site na atomiki orbit.A na-akpọ mmetụta a ionization.N'ime usoro mmetụta fotoelectric na ịgbasa, usoro nke photoelectrons na recoil electrons na-ekewapụ na atom ha bụ isi ionization.Igwefoto elektrọn ma ọ bụ recoil electrons na-adaba na atọm ndị ọzọ mgbe ha na-eme njem, nke mere na a na-akpọ electrons sitere na atọm kụrụ akụ ionization nke abụọ.na ihe siri ike na mmiri mmiri.Ihe ionized dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma ga-ejikọta ngwa ngwa ma ọ dịghị mfe ịnakọta.Otú ọ dị, ụgwọ ionized dị na gas dị mfe ịnakọta, a pụkwara iji ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ionized ụgwọ iji chọpụta ọnụọgụ X-ray: A na-eme ihe nlele X-ray dabere na ụkpụrụ a.N'ihi ionization, gas nwere ike iduzi ọkụ eletrik;ụfọdụ ihe nwere ike nweta mmeghachi omume kemịkal;Enwere ike ịkpata mmetụta dị iche iche nke ndu na ntule.Ionization bụ ihe ndabere nke mmebi X-ray na ọgwụgwọ.
3. Fluorescence: N'ihi obere wavelength nke X-ray, ọ dịghị ahụ anya.Otú ọ dị, mgbe a na-agbanye ya na ụfọdụ ogige ndị dị ka phosphorus, platinum cyanide, zinc cadmium sulfide, calcium tungstate, wdg, atom ndị ahụ nọ n'ọnọdụ obi ụtọ n'ihi ionization ma ọ bụ mkpali, na atom na-alaghachi na ala ala na usoro ahụ. , n'ihi mgbanwe ọkwa ike nke valence electrons.Ọ na-ewepụta ìhè anya ma ọ bụ ultraviolet, nke bụ fluorescence.Mmetụta nke ụzarị X na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke ka a na-akpọ fluorescence.Ike nke fluorescence dabara na ọnụọgụ X-ray.Mmetụta a bụ ihe ndabere maka itinye X-ray na fluoroscopy.Na ọrụ nchọpụta X-ray, ụdị fluorescence a nwere ike iji mee ka ihuenyo fluorescent, na-emewanye ihuenyo, ntinye ntinye na ihe oyiyi ihe na ihe ndị ọzọ.A na-eji ihuenyo fluorescent hụ ihe onyonyo X-ray na-agafe n'anụ ahụ mmadụ n'oge fluoroscopy, a na-ejikwa ihuenyo na-emewanyewanye ike iji mee ka mmetụta nke ihe nkiri ahụ dị n'oge foto.Nke a dị n'elu bụ mmeghe n'ozuzu maka ụzarị X.
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Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-04-2022